Planning Assumption	Source of Challenge	Optimal Business Model / Objective (under globalization era policies)	Hedging Focus	Implementation Vehicles	Successful Outcome (if adverse outcome occurs)	Successful Aggregate-Level Impact
Ordinary Risk Management (future replicates past)	Known - e.g., economic downturn, theft	Comparative Advantage / Profit Maximization	Insurance/Financial	Insurance Policies/Financial Derivatives	Repayment of lost income or assets for individual organization	Marginal - other individual firms can meet community demand
Risk Management* and black swan consequences	Unknown - system wide disruption (anticipates consequence)	Comparative Advantage Hybrid / Profit Maximization & Survival	Real Options	Flexible choices to expand, abandon, switch - e.g., regional webs of supply chain nodes	Individual members of global supply chains keep operating	Large - May result in global system survival