Case	MNC	Nonmarket stakeholder	Description
A	A North American asset management firm	A UK-based non-profit organization advocating labour rights	A key activist within the asset management firm in the UK was an early supporter of the NGO’s initiative and has more recently begun to encourage other companies to sign on to the initiative as well. The firm’s ‘responsible investment’ team leads the social innovation.
B	A British retail bank	An international NGO	Key actors within the British bank initiated a project to aid survivors of modern slavery and human trafficking. They brought on board an international NGO to develop and deliver the initiative.
C	A North American bank	A UK-based NGO	The North American bank was contacted by the UK-based NGO in helping promote gender and ethnic diversity among British start-ups. The bank’s philanthropic arm engages with a UK-based NGO for this purpose.
D	A North American business services firm	NGOs worldwide	The North American firm created a global network of associated firms offering pro bono services to social enterprises. The company’s philanthropic arm initiated the project and designed the network themselves in order to bring together service providers and NGOs seeking free advice.
E	A Western European food retailer	Western European NGO operating internationally	Sustainable trade development manager pioneered the responsible sourcing of fresh fruits from Africa with the initial aim to ‘do something good’. He built the network and recruited the farmers. The NGO was involved in the training of the farmers to improve the quality of the produce.
F	A Western European conglomerate providing primarily health technology	Western European NGO that works towards a healthy and strong Africa	The business manager for primary and community care solutions took over one of the ventures from the African incubator when it was moved to the business side of the company. The aim was to provide vital primary care but also to turn health facilities into community hubs with additional service offerings in Africa. The NGO’s role was to develop ‘bankable’ solutions together with the company to bring them to scale.
G	A Western European bank	A Western European Labour Inspectorate, an academic, Financial Intelligence Unit	The head of environmental and social risk advisory and monitoring was inspired by talks on human trafficking at a conference organised by the Guardian. She set up a public-private cooperation to find ways of detecting human trafficking with an academic, the Public Prosecution and the Labour Inspectorate, which eventually grew to enrol the Financial Intelligence Unit.
H	A Western European science-based company active in nutrition, health and sustainable living	An Indian NGO and a dairy cooperative	The application development manager and her team in the Innovation Centre aimed to address animal feed need in India by developing feed mix that could increase cows’ milk production. Some Board members saw the initiative as philanthropy. They were sceptical as to whether the initiative would be feasible in the long run. The scepticism was also felt by the receiving business units. The Indian dairy cooperative was tasked with selling the feed to the farmer. The NGO was responsible for reducing the calving period to increase the hit rate of artificial insemination.